Tense in Hindi @ mathiars

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Rules of Present Tenses

Present Indefinite Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + First form of the Verb + s/es (With Third Persion Singular object) + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं अपना पाठ याद करता हूँ ।
I learn my lesson.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Do/Does + Not + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1.मैं अपना पाठ याद नहीं करता हूँ ।
I do not learn my lesson.

Introgative Rules : - Do/Does + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या वह किताब पड़ता है?
Does he read a book?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Do/Does + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
4. वह यहाँ क्यों आती है ?
Why does she come here?

Present Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + is/am/are + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. राम एक पत्र लिख रहा है ।
Ram is writing a letter.

Negative Rules : - Subject + is/am/are + Not + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं मुंबई नहीं जा रहा हूँ ।
I am not going to Mumbai.

Introgative Rules : - Is/Am/Are + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या लड़कियाँ कमरे में पढ़ रही हैं ?
Are the girls reading in the room?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + is/am/are + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. तुम कमरे में क्या कर रहे हो ?
What are you doing in the room?

Present Perfect Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Has/Have + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. राम स्कूल जा चुका है ।
Ram has gone to school.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Has/Have + Not + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. उसने गाना नहीं गाया है ।
She has not sung the song.

Introgative Rules : - Has/Have + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या उसने अपनी गाय बेच दी है ?
Has he sold his cow?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Has/Have + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. लड़का कहाँ भाग गया है ?
Where has the boy run away?

Present Perfect Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Has Been/Have Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. राम इस किताब को दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा है ।
Ram has been reading this book for two hours.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Has/Have + Not + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वह दो दिन से नहीं पढ़ रही है ।
She has not been reading for two days.

Introgative Rules : - Has/Have + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या वह अपना काम तीन घंटे से कर रहा है ?
Has he been doing his work for three hours ?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Has/Have + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
तुम्हारा शाम से कौन इन्तजार कर रहा है ?
Who has been waiting for you since evening ? 

Rules of Past Tenses

Past Indefinite Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Second form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. उसने कल मुझे एक कलम दिया ।
He gave me a pen yesterday.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Did + Not + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वह कल हॉकी नहीं खेला ।
He did not play hockey yesterday.

Introgative Rules : - Did + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या उसने किताब पढ़ी ?
Did he read a book?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Did + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. तुम्हारा भाई कल कहाँ गया ?
Where did your brother go yesterday?

Past Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Was/Were + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं अपनी किताब पढ़ रहा था ।
I was reading my book.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Was/Were + Not + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं मुम्बई नहीं जा रहा था ।
I was not going to Mumbai.

Introgative Rules : - Was/Were + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या हम बाज़ार जा रहे थे ?
Were we going to the market?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Was/Were + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. किसान अपना खेत क्यों नहीं जॊत रहा था ?
Why was the farmer not ploughing his field?

Past Perfect Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Had + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वर्षा होने से पहले हम घर पहुँच चुके थे ।
We had reached home before it rained.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Had + Not + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैंने यह घर पहले नहीं देखा था ।
I had not seen this house before.

Introgative Rules : - Had + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या मेरे स्कूल पहुँचने से पहले घंटा बज चुका था?
Had the bell rung before I reached the school?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Had + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. हमारे आने से पहले वह लड़की कौन-सा गाना गा चुकी थी ?
Which song had that girl sung before we came?

Past Perfect Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Had Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. सीमा सुबह से अपनी गुड़ियों से खेल रही थी ।
Seema had been playing with her dolls since morning.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Had + Not + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वह दो दिन से पढ़ नहीं रही थी ।
She had not been reading for two days.

Introgative Rules : - Had + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या वह तीन घंटे से अपना काम कर रहा था ?
Had he been doing his work for three hours ?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Had + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. कुत्ते एक घंटे से क्यों दौड़ रहे थे ?
Why had the dogs been running for an hour ? 

Rules of Past Tenses

Past Indefinite Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Second form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. उसने कल मुझे एक कलम दिया ।
He gave me a pen yesterday.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Did + Not + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वह कल हॉकी नहीं खेला ।
He did not play hockey yesterday.

Introgative Rules : - Did + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या उसने किताब पढ़ी ?
Did he read a book?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Did + Subject + First form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. तुम्हारा भाई कल कहाँ गया ?
Where did your brother go yesterday?

Past Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Was/Were + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं अपनी किताब पढ़ रहा था ।
I was reading my book.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Was/Were + Not + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैं मुम्बई नहीं जा रहा था ।
I was not going to Mumbai.

Introgative Rules : - Was/Were + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या हम बाज़ार जा रहे थे ?
Were we going to the market?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Was/Were + Subject + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. किसान अपना खेत क्यों नहीं जॊत रहा था ?
Why was the farmer not ploughing his field?

Past Perfect Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Had + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वर्षा होने से पहले हम घर पहुँच चुके थे ।
We had reached home before it rained.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Had + Not + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. मैंने यह घर पहले नहीं देखा था ।
I had not seen this house before.

Introgative Rules : - Had + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या मेरे स्कूल पहुँचने से पहले घंटा बज चुका था?
Had the bell rung before I reached the school?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Had + Subject + Third form of the Verb + Object + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. हमारे आने से पहले वह लड़की कौन-सा गाना गा चुकी थी ?
Which song had that girl sung before we came?

Past Perfect Countinuous Tense

Simple Rules : - Subject + Had Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. सीमा सुबह से अपनी गुड़ियों से खेल रही थी ।
Seema had been playing with her dolls since morning.

Negative Rules : - Subject + Had + Not + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence ....
Example
1. वह दो दिन से पढ़ नहीं रही थी ।
She had not been reading for two days.

Introgative Rules : - Had + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. क्या वह तीन घंटे से अपना काम कर रहा था ?
Had he been doing his work for three hours ?

WH Family Rules : - WH Family Word + Had + Subject + Been + First form of the Verb + ing + Object + Since/For + Time + Remaining Sentence .... + ?
Example
1. कुत्ते एक घंटे से क्यों दौड़ रहे थे ?
Why had the dogs been running for an hour ? 



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Noun - संज्ञा

संज्ञा - संज्ञा वह शब्द है जो व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान, आदि के नाम के लिए प्रयोग होता है । 'वस्तु' शब्द में - गिने जाने वाले, ना-गिने जाने वाले, दिखने वाले, ना-दिखने वाले, घटनांए, भावनांए, आदि सभी शामिल है ।

Example:

Computer, table, book, speaker, fan, car, gold, glass. (names of things)
Delhi, London, New York, school, college, garden, AkShardham (names of places)
Vartika, Kanika, Tom, Ashoka, doctor, girl, Princess, Queen (names of persons)
Dog, cat, lion, rabbit, horse, donkey, monkey, parraot, bird (names of animals, birds)

Types of Noun

1 Common Noun
2 Proper Noun
3 Collective Noun
4 Abstract Noun
5 Countable Noun
6 Uncountable Noun

Common Noun -
कॉमन नाउन – आम व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान कॉमन नाउन है । इंग्लिश में इसका पहला अक्षर छोटा होता है । कॉमन नाउन का पहला अक्षर तभी केपिटल लेटर से शुरू होता है जब वह वाक्य का पहला शब्द हो ।
Examples : toy, pen, room, garden man, girl, month, day, chair, school, boy, car, are common nouns because each of these nouns refers to a common thing, place or person.

Proper Noun -
प्रॉपर नाउन - खास व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान प्रॉपर नाउन है । प्रॉपर नाउन को अंग्रेजी में केपिटल लेटर से शुरू करते हैं ।
Examples : Skoda Car, April, Monday, London, Mahatma Gandhi, India, are proper nouns because each of these nouns refers to a particular thing, place or person.

यदि कॉमन नाउन को खास बनाया जाए तो वह प्रॉपर नाउन बन जाता है - जैसे month कॉमन नाउन है परंतु यदि इसे अप्रेल या सितंबर का नाम दिया जाए तो यह प्रॉपर नाउन बन जाता है । प्रॉपर नाउन भी कभी कभी कॉमन नाउन के तौर पर इस्तेमाल होते हैं जैसे - वह हमारे परिवार का धंवंतरी है (प्रसिद्ध आयुर्वेद डाक्टर) है ।

Collective Noun -
कलेक्टिव नाउन – व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान आदि का समुह जो एक नाम से जाना जाए वह कलेक्टिव नाउन है ।
Examples :crowd, mob, army, jury, family, parliament, committee. Each example denotes a group like crowd denotes a collection of people – The police dispersed the crowd.

Abstractive Noun -
एब्सट्रैक्ट नाउन – विशेषता, स्थिति या क्रिया बताने वाले शब्द एब्सट्रैक्ट नाउन है । इसे आप देख, सुन, चख और सूंघ नही सकते ।
Examples : Goodness, kindness, darkness, honesty, movement, judgement, laughter, youth, childhood, death, poverty.

Countable Noun -
कॉउंटेबल नाउन – व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान जिसे गिना जा सकता है, कॉउंटेबल नाउन है ।
Examples : book, pen, student, doctor, cat, woman.

Uncountable Noun -
अन्कॉउंटेबल नाउन– ऐसी वस्तु या स्थिति जिसे गाना ना जा सके, अन्कॉउंटेबल नाउन है ।
Examples : milk, sugar, honesty, water, swimming, history, English, information. 

Sentence	वाक्य	Noun
We all love honesty	हम सब ईमानदारी पसंद करते हैं ।	honesty
Mr Khurana is our English teacher.	मि. खुराना हमारे इंग्लिश टीचर हैं ।	Mr Khurana and teacher
Chair is made of wood	कुर्सी लकड़ी से बनी है ।	chair and wood
The Prime Minister is worrying about water.	प्रधान मंत्री पानी के बारे में चिंता कर रहे हैं ।	The Prime Minister and water
Mob has attacked the police station.	भीड़ ने पुलिस स्टेशन पर हमला कर दिया है ।	Mob and police station.
Emotions weak persons.	भावनांए लोगो को कमजोर करती है ।	Emotions and persons
I believe in your innocence.	मैं तुम्हारी मासुमियत पर विश्वास करता हूँ ।	innocence.
Our team is better than theirs.	हमारी टीम उनकी टीम से बेहतर है ।	team
He worships his work.	वह अपने काम की पूजा करता है ।	work
He congratulated on his birthday.	उसने उसके जन्सदिवस पर बधाई दी ।	birthday